Peering Point Definitions

Table of Contents

  1. External Connectivity
  2. Hops
  3. Latency
  4. NAP
  5. Network Topology
  6. Peering Traffic
  7. Pipe
  8. POP
  9. Telco Access
  10. Traceroute
  11. Transit

Definitions

External Connectivity
External connectivity refers to a machine being able to reach other machines not on the local network. A machine at a peering point can normally only access networks that peer at that peering point. It has no way to reach the outside world i.e. the Internet. If a machine located at a peering point needs to reach the outside world then one or several of the networks peering at the peering point need to carry its traffic to the Internet.
Hops
Hops are the number of routers that must examine a packet on the packets way to its destination (the number or routers a packet must pass through). See also traceroute.
Latency
Latency refers to the minimum time for a packet to traverse part of a network. Imagine a network with no traffic. If you send a packet from one machine to another it still takes time even though it doesn't have to compete with other packets for bandwidth. This time is the latency.
NAP
NAP is an acronym for Network Access Point and is a another term for peering point.
Network Topology
This refers to the way a network is constructed - who connects to who. Saying ISP A connects to ISP B and ISP B connects to Optus and ISP C connects to CCA and Ozemail peers with Optus is talking about network topology. Network topology has a great bearing on the speed and reliability of a network. See also Hops
Peering Traffic
This is traffic you send and receive from other networks you peer with. The origin network and the destination network either have a direct link or meet at a peering point. This traffic is free. See also Transit
Pipe
By a pipe, unless contrary intention appears, I mean a WAN connection. To say someone has a "big pipe" means they have a fast connection.
POP
A POP is a Point of Presence or a place that a service provider has equipment installed.
Telco Access
Telco access refers to how easily assorted telecommunications companies (Telstra, Optus et al) can install their cables. If a building is quite remote or connected to an old phone exchange, ISPs choice of connection options may be limited or it may be quite expensive to have things installed. The better the telco access the quicker (usually) cables are installed.
Traceroute
A program (and the output of the program) that shows the path a packet takes between two points. Under UNIX it is often called traceroute, DOS users have it as tracert and MacTCP Watcher has it built in for MacOS users. There are a number of web interfaces to traceroute, including ones at Telstra, Connect.com.au, and University of Queensland (connected to Optus). There is a collection of traceroutes from and to various locations on the Gold Coast available. See also Hops
Transit
Transit refers to traffic that you pay someone (for example Telstra, Optus, CCA or many others) to carry for you. They agree to take the traffic from you and pass it on to the Internet and take traffic from the Internet and pass it on to you. It is by buying transit that you "get on" the Internet. See also Peering Traffic